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related.
Chapter II.
Russians And Tartars
T he Czar had not so suddenly left the ball-room of the New Palace, when
the fete he was giving to the civil and military authorities and principal
people of Moscow was at the height of its brilliancy, without ample cause; for
he had just received information that serious events were taking place beyond
the frontiers of the Ural. It had become evident that a formidable rebellion
threatened to wrest the Siberian provinces from the Russian crown.
Asiatic Russia, or Siberia, covers a superficial area of 1,790,208 square
miles, and contains nearly two millions of inhabitants. Extending from the
Ural Mountains, which separate it from Russia in Europe, to the shores of the
Pacific Ocean, it is bounded on the south by Turkestan and the Chinese Empire;
on the north by the Arctic Ocean, from the Sea of Kara to Behring's Straits.
It is divided into several governments or provinces, those of Tobolsk,
Yeniseisk, Irkutsk, Omsk, and Yakutsk; contains two districts, Okhotsk and
Kamtschatka; and possesses two countries, now under the Muscovite dominion-
that of the Kirghiz and that of the Tshouktshes. This immense extent of
steppes, which includes more than one hundred and ten degrees from west to
east, is a land to which criminals and political offenders are banished.
Two governor-generals represent the supreme authority of the Czar over
this vast country. The higher one resides at Irkutsk, the far capital of
Eastern Siberia. The River Tchouna separates the two Siberias.
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No rail yet furrows these wide plains, some of which are in reality
extremely fertile. No iron ways lead from those precious mines which make the
Siberian soil far richer below than above its surface. The traveler journeys
in summer in a kibick or telga; in winter, in a sledge.
An electric telegraph, with a single wire more than eight thousand versts
in length, alone affords communication between the western and eastern
frontiers of Siberia. On issuing from the Ural, it passes through
Ekaterenburg, Kasirnov, Tioumen, Ishim, Omsk, Elamsk, Kolyvan, Tomsk,
Krasnoiarsk, Nijni-Udinsk, Irkutsk, Verkne-Nertschink, Strelink, Albazine,
Blagowstenks, Radde, Orlomskaya, Alexandrowskoe, and Nikolaevsk; and six
roubles and nineteen copecks are paid for every word sent from one end to the
other. From Irkutsk there is a branch to Kiatka, on the Mongolian frontier;
and from thence, for thirty copecks a word, the post conveys the dispatches to
Pekin in a fortnight.
It was this wire, extending from Ekaterenburg to Nikolaevsk, which had
been cut, first beyond Tomsk, and then between Tomsk and Kolyvan.
This was why the Czar, to the communication made to him for the second
time by General Kissoff, had answered by the words, "A courier this moment!"
The Czar remained motionless at the window for a few moments, when the
door was again opened. The chief of police appeared on the threshold.
"Enter, General," said the Czar briefly, "and tell me all you know of
Ivan Ogareff."
"He is an extremely dangerous man, sire," replied the chief of police.
"He ranked as colonel, did he not?"
"Yes, sire."
"Was he an intelligent officer?"
"Very intelligent, but a man whose spirit it was impossible to subdue;
and possessing an ambition which stopped at nothing, he became involved in
secret intrigues, and was degraded from his rank by his Highness the Grand
Duke, and exiled to Siberia."
"How long ago was that?"
"Two years since. Pardoned after six months of exile by your majesty's
favor, he returned to Russia."
"And since that time, has he not revisited Siberia?"
"Yes, sire; but he voluntarily returned there," replied the chief of
police, adding, and slightly lowering his voice, "there was a time, sire, when
NONE returned from Siberia."
"Well, whilst I live, Siberia is and shall be a country whence men CAN
return."
The Czar had the right to utter these words with some pride, for often,
by his clemency, he had shown that Russian justice knew how to pardon.
The head of the police did not reply to this observation, but it was
evident that he did not approve of such half-measures. According to his idea,
a man who had once passed the Ural Mountains in charge of policemen, ought
never again to cross them. Now, it was not thus under the new reign, and the
chief of police sincerely deplored it. What! no banishment for life for other
crimes than those against social order! What! political exiles returning from
Tobolsk, from Yakutsk, from Irkutsk! In truth, the chief of police, accustomed
to the despotic sentences of the ukase which formerly never pardoned, could
not understand this mode of governing. But he was silent, waiting until the
Czar should interrogate him further. The questions were not long in coming.
"Did not Ivan Ogareff," asked the Czar, "return to Russia a second time,
after that journey through the Siberian provinces, the object of which remains
unknown?"
"He did."
"And have the police lost trace of him since?"
"No, sire; for an offender only becomes really dangerous from the day he
has received his pardon."
The Czar frowned. Perhaps the chief of police feared that he had gone
rather too far, though the stubbornness of his ideas was at least equal to the
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boundless devotion he felt for his master. But the Czar, disdaining to reply
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